L2: Nouns and Personal Pronouns

Let's discuss nouns. Nouns come in all shapes and sizes, some change and some don't (inflection and stuff, cause well... Georgian). Well this may not really be important, but here you go, types of nouns in Georgian:

1) "ვინ" და "რა" - "Who" and "What" nouns:

In Georgian, ვინ is a question for humans and words which refer to a human: ექიმი, ალეკო, პატრიარქი... რა is a question for all other things non-human: მგელი, ძაღლი, მთა, წიგნი...

2) სულიერი და უსულო - Animate and inanimate nouns:

Pretty straightforward, animate refers to things, that are alive, can breathe, walk on their own etc.

Inanimate refers to things, that are not alive, cannot breathe or walk on their own etc. 3) საკუთარი და საზოგადო - Proper and common nouns (in Georgians literally ones own and public) nouns:

Proper nouns refer to something, that is unique (this includes given names and surnames, geographical names etc.): თბილისი, ნინო, გიორგი, გურამიშვილი, არაგვისპირელი, საქართველო...

Common nouns refer to something, that is not unique and can be a group of different, named in a same way, objects as in: ქალაქი, მდინარე, მთა, სოფელი...

4) კონკრეტული და აბსტრაქტული - Concrete and abstract nouns:

Concrete refers to a noun, which can be seen, sensed etc.: წიგნი, წყალი, სუნი...

Abstract refers to a noun, which can't be seen, felt or sensed etc.: მეგობრობა, სიყვარული, თავისუფლება, ახალგაზრდობა (Youth, as in age factor)...

5) კრებითი - Collective nouns:

Collective refers to a noun, which includes multiple of a thing/things in it. These kinds of nouns are: ხალხი, ერი, ახალგაზრდობა (The youth, as in collection of young people), ნაძვნარი, ძროხა (can also refer to only one cow)...

6) ნივთიერებათა - Uncountable nouns (lit. related to substances):

Uncountable refers to a noun, which cannot be counted, but can be measured or used with a counter, examples of these nouns are: ოქრო, რძე, ფქვილი, ქვიშა...

All uncountable nouns are concrete and common.

In my opinion, it's kinda nice to know these things, who knows when it'll come handy.

Moving on!

Personal pronouns, we need this to express stuff someone does, including yourselves. In sentences it really doesn't mean much most of the time because of the verb forms, but nevertheless it's useful:

A note: Formal 'You' is the same as plural, this is a standard you meet in some languages, for example in Russian. The verb form for formal 'you' and plural 'you' are the same coming from that fact. Next time, I'll teach you the main verb 'to be' in present indicative tense and introduce you to adjectives. For now, we are done!

Thank you for reading today's lesson (even though it wasn't as big and necessary) and happy learning!