L6: Adjectives (3)

Welcome back. Today we will be discussing, I hope for the last time, the formation of adjectives. In this lesson we will be covering the last of adjective formations. Let's get started. So last week, we left off at possessive and non-possessive adjectives. Today we will be discussing dedicative and originative adjectives. I would like to say that most of the adjectives formed by the confixes here are now nouns but some portion can be used as both adjectives and nouns. I'll, as per usual, only be listing adjectives. 1) დანიშნულების სახელები - Dedicative Adjectives: a. სა-R-ო is a pretty common confix for dedicative adjectives. It's main translation is "for something" or "dedicated to something/someone", but can take the meaning of "suited for someone". Let's look at examples: ბავშვ-ი - სა-ბავშვ-ო (dedicated to a child, child's) ოცნება - სა-ოცნებ-ო (suited for dreams -> wonderful) ჩემ-ი - სა-ჩემ-ო (suited for me) კაც-ი - სა-კაც-ო (suited for man/men) ერ-ი - სა-ერ-ო (dedicated to a nation/big group of people) სულ-იერ-ი - სა-სულ-იერ-ო (dedicated for something which is soul-related -> religious) ერთ-ი - სა-ერთ-ო (suited for everyone (<- one), united)

b. სა-R-ე is also common, but most of the adjectives formed from this confix turned into nouns. However I can still give you some examples: ჩოხა - სა-ჩოხ-ე (for Chokha) უღელი - სა-უღლ-ე (for Yoke)

2) წარმომავლობის სახელები - Originative Adjectives:

a. -ურ-ი (-ულ-ი) is one of the common adjective formers, forming originative adjectives with the meaning of "coming from, originating from" and mainly goes on places, also have to note that this suffix creates adjectives with some kind of quality. This is the suffix, that creates languages and yes, languages are adjectives. არაბ-ეთ-ი - არაბ-ულ-ი (Originating from Arabia, Arabic (language or thing)) სვან-ეთ-ი - სვან-ურ-ი (Originating from Svaneti, Svan) გურ-ია - გურ-ულ-ი (Originating from Guria, Gurian) სა-ქართვ-ელ-ო - ქართ-ულ-ი (Originating from Georgia, Georgian) ინგლის-ი - ინგლის-ურ-ი (Originating from England, English)

აქ(ა) - აქაური (Originating from here, born/from here) სად(ა) - სადაური (Originating from where?, from where?) გმირ-ი - გმირ-ულ-ი (Showing the quality of a hero, heroic) დედა-შვილ-ი - დედაშვილ-ურ-ი (Showing the quality of mother-and-son [bond]) b. -(ან/ინ)-დელ-ი is one of the common adjective formers, forming originative time adjectives with the meaning of "originating from [some time]" or "of [some time]". ან/ინ morpheme seems to add when there is no -ნ ending morpheme already on the word. Let's look at some examples: გუშინ - გუშინ-დელ-ი (originating from yesterday, yesterday's) დღე-ს - დღე-ვ-ან-დელ-ი/დღე-ინ-დელ-ი (originating from today, today's) ვ vowel break. გუშინ-წინ - გუშინ-წინ-დელ-ი (originating from day before yesterday) შარშან - შარშან-დელ-ი (originating from last year, last year's) ამ-ჟამ-ად - ამ-ჟამ-ინ-დელ-ი (originating from this moment, this moment's) ახლა - ახლა-ნ-დელ-ი (same as ამჟამინდელი) ამ დრო-ს - ამ-დრო-ინ-დელ-ი (same as ამჟამინდელი) *The morpheme itself has to be of some complex origination. Possibly from დღე-ელ-ი -> დღელ-ი -> დელ-ი. c. -(ა)-მდელ-ი is another good-to-know morpheme which originates from -ად-მდე-ელ-ი case-postpos.-morpheme combination. The meaning it carries is complex, but it's close to "Before the happening of..." and lit. "Originating from before...". Let's look at some examples:

ომ-ი - ომ-ა-მდელ-ი (<-ომ-ად-მდელ-ი) (Originating from before the war) წარღვნა - წარღვნა-მდელ-ი (From before the Great Flood (the myth)) d. -იურ-ი comes from old case suffix -ივ and the Originative Adjective suffix -ურ-ი. The meaning it gives is "originating from certain time/place" or "showing the quality of" though it is also close to the Possessive Adjective definition. Let's see some examples: ამ ქვეყნ-ის - ამ-ქვეყნ-იურ-ი (Originating from this country/world/life, Of this world) ცა - ც-იურ-ი (Originating from the sky -> divine) მზე - მზ-იურ-ი (Showing the quality of having lot's of sun rays, lightened -> wonderful) მით-ი - მით-იურ-ი (Originating from a myth, mythical) მშობელ-ი - მშობლ-იურ-ი (Originating from your parents, where your parents lived -> of hometown/homeplace) e. -((ი)ს)-ეულ-ი is mainly obsolete as of now, but there are still some words, that have this suffix. The part in parentheses is genitive case suffix which is used in modern words. Without the genitive suffix, this is more of a possession-expressing suffix. This suffix without the genitive suffix has another, quite big meaning, which won't be discussed here. Let's look at examples: ღირსი - ღირს-ეულ-ი (Having or showing worth. In rus. достойный) Both have similar meanings. ცხოვრება - ცხოვრებ-ის-ეულ-ი (Originating from something of life. Connecting to life in some way) This is a thing, gained by the knowledge or experience in life. This is it for today. If you have any recommendations for the next lessons contact me. Next lesson we will be uncovering degrees of adjectives. Goodbye.